Biosecurity Trends in Indian Shrimp Disease Management

Introduction

Ongoing outbreaks of disease are a persistent challenge to shrimp farming in India for viral diseases such as white spot syndrome (WSSV) and early mortality syndrome (EMS), both of which continue to threaten production and profits. In March 2022, over 50 freshwater shrimp hatcheries in India faced losses equivalent to 50% of expenses due to WTD. As indicated by the survey, shrimp growers continue to invest heavily into biosecurity plans, on-farm diagnostics, and preventive disease plans based on probiotics to minimize their disease-related losses. Both the regional governments and private hatcheries have invested in specific pathogen-free (SPF) broodstock to lower the viral load in the supply chain and ultimately reduce the risk of viral disease.

In addition, advancements in rapid molecular diagnostic tools are enabling earlier detection and containment of disease outbreaks, minimizing economic losses. Collaborative efforts between research institutions, government agencies, and industry players are also likely to drive training programs to enhance farmer awareness and implementation of best biosecurity practices.

Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on integrated health management approaches that combine improved water quality management, vaccination research, and sustainable feed additives to boost shrimp immunity. These multi-pronged strategies are crucial for maintaining export quality standards and meeting increasing international demand for safe, disease-free shrimp products.

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Biosecurity Is Becoming Non-Negotiable in Indian Shrimp Farming

The expansion of shrimp farming into newer geographies is increasing disease transmission risks. In response, India is seeing a rise in closed bio secure systems, including lined ponds, water treatment units, and controlled hatchery environments. Top producing states like Andhra Pradesh and Odisha are standardizing farm certification, quarantine protocols, and water quality monitoring.

On the biological front, probiotics and immunostimulants are increasingly replacing antibiotics, improving gut flora and resistance to pathogens without creating export-related compliance issues. Diagnostic labs across coastal states are enabling early detection of Vibrio, WSSV, and EHP (Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei), minimizing mass mortalities and harvest delays.

Most farms will meet the requirements around digital tracking in terms of shrimp health, water parameters, and feed practices using internet-based systems. Blockchain technology can deliver more robust assurance to buyers and ensure transparency and immutable tracking from hatchery to export.

Additionally, certification schemes that align with international standards are contributing to farmer records and encouraging more stringent hygiene and biosecurity continue to strengthen in the Indian aquaculture context, and traceability across the supply chain is only possible if farmers commit to regulatory compliance. This integration of technology, management, and regulatory compliance further bolsters India's global shrimp markets, rebuilding trust with consumers in ways that support industry sustainability.

Table of Contents

1. Disease Landscape in Indian Shrimp Farming
2. Overview of Major Pathogens (WSSV, EMS, EHP, AHPND)
3. Biosecurity Infrastructure: From Hatchery to Harvest
4. Role of Water Quality and Waste Management
5. Probiotic and Immunostimulant Integration
6. SPF Broodstock and Genetic Resistance Programs
7. Farm Monitoring & On-Site Diagnostics
8. Impact on Farm Yields and Export Compliance
9. Policy Support and Training Initiatives
10. Outlook for Disease-Free Certification & Adoption Scaling

Related Resources

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Probiotic Supplements Market